Education

Species and Location  

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  1 Highway 39, UT

  Deer, elk, moose, and antelope have exhibited malformations along Utah’s highway 39 from Ogden through Rich County over the Monte Cristo crest. These malformations include underbites, Laminitis, Fibromas, and reproductive and antler malformation on males....

  

  2 Goslin Mountain, UT

  Goslin Mountain Utah bighorn sheep

  

  3 Malhuer, Oregon

  Malhuer Oregon cactus bucks

  

  4 Hart Mountain, OR

  Pronghorn antelope at Hart Mountain National Antelope Refuge have been in decline since the early 1990s. These antelope have been shown to be selenium and copper deficient.  These deficiencies have marked wildlife declines for the...

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  5 Bitterroot Valley, MT

  The Bitterroot Valley of Montana has been the site of a large number of wildlife malformations and declines since the early 1990s, along with most of the Western United states. These have included moose, elk,...

  

  6 Thompson Falls, MT

  Over 400 bighorn sheep have been hit by cars, and more than 50 have been hit by trains on Highway 200 near Thompson Falls MT. These sheep experienced a sharp decline in the late ’80s,...

  

  7 Provo Peak, UT

  In 2007 bighorn sheep from Sula Montana were released in American fork Canyon. These sheep were brought in to supplement sheep that had been released in 2001 from Canada. In 2009 these sheep began to...

  

  8 South Central, WA

  Since the mid 1990s elk in South Central Washington around Cowlitz county have been experiencing hoof rot. These occurrences are accompanied by copper and selenium deficiencies, along with bacterial infections. More than half of the...

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  9 Shasta County, CA

  In the mid 1980s blacktail deer in California’s Latour state forest were in decline. Investigations into the reasons for these declines suggested that selenium deficiencies were responsible for reduce fecundity.  A study was conducted with...

  

  10 Lander, WY

  In 2006 and 2010 large areas of Fremont and Natrona counties were sprayed with the insecticide Dimilin to control grasshoppers. Dimilin’s chemical name is Diflubenzuron, a Benzoylurea, it is in the sulfonylurea family of chemicals, like...

  

  11 Whiskey Mountain, WY

  During the winter of 1990/91 30% of the Whiskey mountain bighorn sheep herd was lost to a pneumonia outbreak. By 1997 the herd was half of what it had been. The geologist David Love reported...

  

  12 Elk, OR

  Elk in parts of Oregon have experienced hoof rot, like elk in Washington. These Oregon cases have occurred on and near timber harvests just like the cases in Washington.

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  13 Hotchkiss, CO

  During the past 10 years, hunters and residents of the Hotchkiss and Crawford areas have reported a high number of so-called “cactus bucks.” In these male animals the antlers grow in odd shapes, never develop...

  

  14 Paunsaugunt, UT

  Utah’s Paunsaugunt has been home to a lot of Mule deer “cactus bucks” with retained velvet, and misshaped antlers. The herd is currently in decline. The paunsaugunt plateau has been the site of some fairly...

  

  15 Hanford, WA

  Mule deer malformations at the Hanford site.

  

  16 Sheldon, NV

  Sheldon National Wildlife Refuge in NV is managed under the same authority as Hart Mountain. Like Hart Mountain, Sheldon has sought to increase its use of herbicides. In a letter from the EPA in 2011,...

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  17 Wild Cat Hills, NE

  In 2001 22 bighorn sheep were reintroduced into the Wild Cat Hills of Nebraska. In the fall of that year one sheep developed hoof deformities, as did several other sheep during subsequent years. These sheep...

  

  18 Moose, UT

  

  19 Moose, MN

  

  20 HWY 6, UT

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  21 Santa Catalina Mtns, AZ

  

  22 Moose, AK

  Alaska moose have experienced episodic declines, and shown mineral deficiencies in sub-populations, going back over 30 years. These declines have been marked by copper deficiencies and hoof deformities like are seen in WA elk, UT...

  

  23 Yellowstone National Park

  Many Yellowstone Deer, elk, antelope, and bison have exhibited varying malformations from under bites to malformed genitalia since the early 1990s. Some of these populations  have experienced declines in their long term populations as well....

  

  24 National Bison Range, MT

  The National bison range refuge in Montana has been host to bighorn sheep, and bison with misaligned hemiscrota. Many ungulates including deer, elk, and bighorn sheep have also exhibited under bites at the refuge. The...

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  25 Oquirrh Mountains, UT

  Habitat improvements and fuel reduction programs have been carried out along the lower West slopes of the Oquirrh mountains in Utah since at least 2011. The herbicide Imazapic (Trade name Plateau) has been used across...

  

  26 Kodiak Island, AK

  Since the early to mid 1990s, and increasing since that time, Sitka black-tailed deer on Kodiak island Alaska have exhibited abnormal antlers, and were mono and cryptorchid(1). Many of the abnormal antlers also had retained...

  

  27 Lolo Zone, ID

  While Rocky Mountain elk have thrived across many parts of the West, Lolo zone elk in Idaho have been declining for 20 years. This area is just over the mountain from Montana’s Bitterroot Valley, and...

  

  28 Hopland, CA

  Between 1955 and 1973 4.1% of deer taken on the Hopland CA field station, had velvet covered antlers that were often misshapen with spurious points. “The owner of a ranch about 11km from the field...

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  29 National Elk Refuge, WY

  Hoof rot was unusually prevalent in elk on the State run Camp Creek-Horse Creek area South of the National Elk Refuge during the winter of 2013/14. Hoof rot has been seen in NE bighorns, and in...

  

  30 Ruby Pipeline, WY, UT, NV, OR

  Since the Ruby Pipeline came through in 2011, many wildlife malformations have been observed in the vicinity of this pipeline. These malformations include under bites, antler abnormalities, and laminitis. These malformations and conditions are geographically...

  

  31 Hardware Ranch, UT

  In April and May of 2014, several highways in Northern Utah were surveyed for road killed deer, in an effort to record malformations. Road side mineral licks were also noted when found. The highest rates...